Consistency constraints from fundamental physics on models of cosmology

Theoretical consistency is a powerful guide when building models for physics beyond the Standard Model. I will introduce a number of recent proposals for constraints on such models which arise by requiring that they should admit a consistent completion to high energy scales. I will review the evidence and arguments for these constraints. Models which do not satisfy the constraints, and are in that sense inconsistent, are termed to be in the Swampland. I will argue that if the proposed constraints are correct, then they would strongly impact our ideas in cosmology, from models of inflation to the nature of dark energy.