Probing the physics of the ISM and the baryon cycle across diverse environments

The interstellar medium (ISM) is a complex, multiphase environment that drives the baryon cycle, where gas cools to form stars, which in turn return energy and enriched material through a variety of processes that depend on the radiation field, gas and dust composition, and the larger galactic environment. In this talk, I will present observational, modeling, and statistical efforts to constrain the physics governing the multiphase ISM across diverse environments. These studies are enabled by multi-wavelength surveys which map gas, dust, and stellar populations on 10–100 pc scales across entire massive-galaxy disks, and by emerging all-sky and dedicated surveys that open a new window onto ISM conditions in low-mass, metal-poor galaxies. I will finish by highlighting how upcoming and future facilities will open the next frontier in understanding the ISM and the baryon cycle.