BGU Physics Department
Experimental Methods in Quantum Materials
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Syllabus
- New material physics, constructing new ground states, on the known unknown and the unknown unknown, adaptation of known quantum systems, theoretical predictions, starting from scratch.
- Bulk single crystal synthesis: solution growth (Flux), chemical vapor transport (CVT) growth, solid state growth.
- Thin film synthesis: pulsed laser deposition, molecular beam epitaxy.
- Structural characterization methods: powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), Laue X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy.
- Neutron Scattering: introduction, scattering properties, scattering from a lattice, scattering from powder, inelastic scattering, magnetic scattering.
- Low temperature measurements: liquid Nitrogen, Liquification of Helium and the discovery of superconductivity, cooling below 1 Kelvin, Helium 3, dilution refrigerator, adiabatic demagnetization, low-T thermometry.
- Thermodynamics: specific heat and heat capacity, DC magnetization, AC susceptibility, de Haas-van Alphen quantum oscillations.
- Electrical transport: magnetoresistance and temperature dependence in metals, high field measurements (DC vs. Pulsed), Shubnikov de-Hass quantum oscillations, Hall effect, anomalous Hall effect, quantum Hall effect.
- Thermal transport: thermal conductivity, Seebeck and Peltier effects.
- Spintronics: Basic concepts, giant magnetoresistance, spin scattering, magnetic tunnel junctions, spin transfer torque, domain wall motion, applications.
- Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES): introduction, kinematics of photoemission, three-step model and sudden approximation, one-particle spectral function, matrix elements and finite resolution effects, the system, demonstration.
- Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM): introduction, one-dimensional potential barrier model, the WKB tunneling approximation, density of states, Bardeen model, constant current and constant height modes, voltage-dependent imaging, tunneling spectroscopy, differential conductance and its relation to the density of states, asymmetry in the tunneling spectra, spectroscopic imaging.
- Fabrication, interference and mesoscopic: state-of-the-art fabrication, Aharonov-Bohm rings, universal conductance fluctuations, ballistic wires and quantum dots.
Literature (per chapter)
Chapter 1: New material physics, Paul C Canfield 2020 Rep. Prog. Phys. 83 016501.
Chapter 2: Growth of single crystals from metallic fluxes. P. C. Canfield and Z. Fisk. Philosophical Magazine B 1992, 65, 6.
Chapter 2: Chemical vapor transport reactions – a historical review. Binnewies, Glaum and Schmidt.
Chapters 2+3: Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth, Govindhan Dhanaraj, Kullaiah Byrappa, Vishwanath Prasad, Michael Dudley (Eds.).
Chapter 4: X-ray diffraction crystallography. Yoshida Waseda, Eiichiro Matsubara and Kozo Shinoda. Springer.
Chapter 4: Principles of protein X-ray crystallography. Chapter 12. Jan Drenth. Springer.
Chapter 4: Practical Raman Spectroscopy. D. J. Gardiner and P.R. Graves (Eds.). Springer-Verlag.
Chapter 5: Neutron scattering – A Primer, by Roger Pynn, Los Alamos Neutron Science Center.
Chapter 6: Matter and methods at low temperatures. Frank Pobell. 2007 Springer.
Chapter 7: Specific heats at low temperatures, E.S.R. Gopal, Springer.
Chapter 7: Magnetic measurement Techniques for materials characterization, Victorino Franco, Brad Dodrill (Eds.), Springer.
Chapter 7: Strongly Correlated Systems – Experimental Techniques, Adolfo Avella, Ferdinando Mancini (Eds.), Springer.
Chapter 8: Magnetoresistance in metals. A.B. Pippard. Cambridge University Press.
Chapter 8: Strongly Correlated Systems – Experimental Techniques, Adolfo Avella, Ferdinando Mancini (Eds.), Springer.
Chapter 8: Magnetic oscillation in metals. D. Shoenberg. Cambridge University Press.
Chapter 8: The quantum Hall effect. D.Yoshioka. Springer.
Chapter 9: Thermal conductivity. Theory, properties and applications. Terry M. Tritt (Editor).
Chapter 9: Thermoelectric power of metals. Frank J. Blatt, Peter A. Schroeder, Carl L. Foiles and Denis Greig. Plenum Press. 1976.
Chapter 10: Spintronics, fundamentals and applications. Puja Dey and Jitendra Nath Roy. Springer.
Chapter 11: Strongly Correlated Systems – Experimental Techniques, Adolfo Avella, Ferdinando Mancini (Eds.), Springer.
Chapter 12: Scanning Probe Microscopy, Bert Voigtländer, Springer.
Chapter 13: Mesoscopic physics and electronics. T. Ando, Y. Arakawa, K. Furuya, S. Komiyama and H. Nakashima (Eds.). Springer.
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