Experiments on ultra-cold attractive Bose-Einstein
Condensates (BECs) have demonstrated that at low dimensions atomic
clouds can form localized objects, propagating for long times without
significant changes in their shapes and attributed to bright
matter-wave solitons, which are coherent objects. We consider the
dynamics of bright soliton trains from the perspective of many-boson
physics. To this end, we solve the time-dependent many-boson
Schr\\\"odinger equation with the multiconfigurational time-dependent
Hartree for bosons method (MCTDHB) [1,2], and compare the results with
the mean-field predictions of the Gross-Pitaevskii theory. The fate of
matter-wave soliton trains is actually to quickly loose their coherence
and become macroscopically fragmented BECs. The death of the coherent
matter-wave soliton trains gives birth to fragmented objects, whose
quantum properties and experimental signatures differ substantially
from what is currently assumed [3]. For more phenomena
dealing with the non-equilibrium dynamics and fragmentation of low-dimensional attractive BECs see [4-7].
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Lett. 99, 030402 (2007); O. E. Alon, A. I. Streltsov, and L. S.
Cederbaum, Phys. Rev. A 77, 033613 (2008).
[2] http://MCTDHB.org/ .
[3] A. I. Streltsov, O. E. Alon, and L. S. Cederbaum, Phys. Rev. Lett.
106, 240401 (2011).
[4] H. Buljan, M. Segev, and A. Vardi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 180401
(2005).
[5] A. I. Streltsov, O. E. Alon, and L. S. Cederbaum, Phys. Rev.
Lett. 100, 130401 (2008).
[6] C. Weiss and Y. Castin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 010403 (2009).
[7] A. I. Streltsov, O. E. Alon, and L. S. Cederbaum, Phys. Rev. A 80,
043616 (2009); J. Phys. B 42, 091004 (2009).